100% renewable energy with pumped-hydro-energy storage in Nepal

Abstract A radical transformation of the global energy system is underway. Solar photovoltaics and wind now comprise three-quarters net new electricity-generation-capacity additions because they are cheap. The deep renewable electrification services including transport, heating industry will allow solar to largely eliminate fossil fuels over next few decades. This paper demonstrates that Nepal be able achieve self-sufficiency during twenty-first century. has good moderate hydroelectric potential but negligible wind- fossil-energy resources. about 100 times larger than required support a 100% solar-energy in which all Nepalese citizens enjoy similar per-person consumption developed countries, without use environmental degradation resulting from damming Nepal’s Himalayan rivers. vast low-cost off-river pumped hydro-energy-storage potential, thus eliminating need for on-river hydro storage moderating large-scale batteries. Solar, with battery storage, likely primary route rapid growth system.